Why do you feel so passionate about women’s heart health?
According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Association or American Medical Colleges (AAMC), women represent only 15-20% of practicing cardiologists nationwide. Yet heart disease remains the leading cause of death for women in the United States, and symptoms can look different in women than in men. As a woman in cardiology, I feel very passionate about raising awareness of how heart attacks and heart disease may present in women. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a heart attack could help save the life of a mom, sister, wife or daughter.
That being said, what are the symptoms of a heart attack in women?
Women are far more likely to have subtle or unusual warning signs. These can include shortness of breath, nausea, indigestion, back or jaw pain, dizziness and unexplained fatigue. Too often, I hear women explain these away as being “busy” or “stressed.” While that may be true, it is important to not immediately overlook or dismiss them. The earlier we recognize and diagnosis heart disease, the sooner we can limit the damage it might be causing.
How do those differ from men?
Men more often report experiencing the “classic” heart attack symptoms, such as pain in the left arm or crushing weight to the chest (i.e. an elephant is sitting on my chest). Because those signs have long been treated as the standard, it can lead to women’s more subtle symptoms being overlooked or dismissed. Broadening awareness of what a heart attack can look like, especially in women, helps ensure people get evaluated and treated sooner.
Do the factors for a women’s risk for heart attack differ as well?
Several factors contribute to women’s unique cardiovascular risk in addition to the usual concerns of blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and body weight. Hormonal changes during menopause, for instance, can reduce the protective effects of estrogen on the heart and blood vessels. Pregnancy-related complications, such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia, can increase a woman’s long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, autoimmune diseases, which disproportionately affect women, can raise inflammation and place added strain on the heart.
What can women do to reduce their risk for heart attack or heart disease?
For everyone, knowing your numbers, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar and body weight, is essential. Regular wellness visits matter, too, because they can catch small issues before they become bigger problems. Lifestyle changes can also have a positive impact. Maintaining a heart-healthy diet — rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats can significantly lower the risk of heart disease. Women should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling. Even small changes, like taking the stairs or walking during lunch breaks, can make a meaningful difference.
Managing stress is another essential part of heart health. Women juggle work, caregiving and family responsibilities which can lead to chronic stress that negatively impacts the heart. Incorporating activities like yoga, meditation and deep-breathing exercises can support overall wellbeing.
Any last advice for anyone, or women in particular?
Most importantly, women should listen to their bodies. If something feels off — persistent fatigue, unusual discomfort, shortness of breath or symptoms that simply don’t feel normal — it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Early intervention saves lives.
Dr. Kristen Kerr has been a general cardiologist for 10 years and is with Centennial Heart at TriStar Summit.